Current Topic in Ethics Essay Example for Free

Current Topic in Ethics EssayThe article speaks about a recent incident that took place in brazil, which brought in to light the estimable and moral values of humans. The story had a two sided approach the first single being from the church of Brazil and the second oneness from the administration side. The incident is regarding a step father raping her 9 year old daughter. The lady friend confessed that she was under(a) a sexual assault from her step father since the age of 6(Yahoo News, 2009). The man was also convicted of sexually abusing the girls 14 year old disab lead sister. Cardinal Giovanni Battista Re, head of the Catholic Churchs Congregation for Bishops said that the abortion carried out by the doctors under the finis of the girls sire was totally wrong and the twins that the girl carried had a right to live. On the other hand President Luiz Ignacio Lula da Silva had other views on the matter. He said that according to the law of Brazil where abortion is illeg al and allowed single in cuticle where the health of the minor bearing women is endangered the Bishop is totally wrong.The girl had fermentually been brought to the hospital after several stomach cramps and it was found that she is pregnant and take to the woodsing twins. At the age of 9 doctors commented that it was impossible for the girl to bear the children and an abortion was the only viable option left. As the doctor involved in the abortion Rivaldo Albuquerque said that it was important for us to save the life of the girl(Yahoo News,2009). Ethical Issues The article elevated several ethical issues regarding human rights and social rights.Firstly the rape case as the man had committed was illegal and should be punished according to the government law of the country. Secondly the issue of child abuse as an ethical issue is also being raised by this incident which is another iniquity of the law and needs to be punished. Third and the most important issue which has been ra ised by this incident are of abortion which according to the law of Brazil is illegal. The fourth issue has been raised to contradict the third one which is another face of the same law of abortion which is banned.Abortion is only allowed in case the health of the child bearing women is endangered. The fifth ethical issue is the sexual assault of the other handicapped girl sister of the girl which was actually sexually assaulted. All these ethical issues have come forward due to this incident and need to be taken care of by the Brazilian government. Ethical Theories in that respect are many ethical theories and fields of ethics that are present but only some that are relevant would be applied to this case. We allow for consider each theory one by one and apply it on the case to deduct a result. Greek PhilosophySocrates emphasized that a person to be ethically correct needs to realize the importance of human life and existence. A person would act rightly and correctly if he or she is self aware and knows the importance of life. Bad deeds or evil deeds are a result of ignorance and if the person knows the consequences of doing wrong he or she would never commit that act (MacKinnon, 2008). According to the theory of Socrates the man who committed the assault was unaware of the consequences of the act to be specific he judgment that he would get away with his actions but only the pregnancy of the girl brought up the matter.The case of abortion according to this Greek philosophy is a daub controversial as the importance of human life needs to be considered and in this case whether to save the girl or the twins she was carrying was a decision to be made. Normative Ethics This field of ethics focuses on the rightness and wrongness of actions to judge whether they are ethical or not. The theory says that actions were mainly judged by the intentions of a person as in whether they are right or wrong (Kagan, 1997).According to this theory the man in the case is found censurable of committing a crime and should be punished accordingly as his intention was truly wrong and hence his actions also become wrong. Then the abortion of the child was also morally ethical as the life of the girl was endangered by her pregnancy, hence according to this theory the decision of abortion is also ethically correct. Meta Ethics This approach of ethics is a bit different from other approaches as it looks at the reasons for the truth and decides up on the validity of the reasons as to whether the actions that led to the truth were ethical or non ethical (Miller, 2003).According to this theory the actions of the man were totally unethical as the man had committed an immoral act, which is the truth. The reason for this act was his uncontrollable desires, which were unethical. Abortion was performed because it was the only option through which the girl could be saved. The reason for the abortion was the fact that the doctors had to save the life of the girl and cou ld take no risks, hence the act of abortion was morally ethical. Descriptive EthicsThis is a newer field of ethics than normative ethics and focuses on the choices that were available to the person and the one he or she picked according to that his or her actions are judged to be ethical or not. According to this theory the man is still found to be blameful and should be punished as the choices he made were ethically incorrect and on the other hand the abortion done by the doctors was also morally ethical as they had limited choices and needed to save the girl. The doctors agreed on the fact that the girl who was only 9 years old could not carry the burden of pregnancy and hence had to be saved through abortion.Conclusion During this paper we looked up on different theories and fields of ethics. These fields and theories were applied on the case and the deduction of whether this ethical issue were correctly dealt or not was focused. The conclusion is not merely my own decision but the result of applying the ethical theories on the case. These theories when applied clearly highlight the fact that the man should be punished according to the law of Brazil and the decision of abortion made by the mother of the girl and carried out by the doctors was a correct one in the circumstances that were presented.References Kagan S. (1997) Normative Ethics, Westview Press. MacKinnon B. (2008) Ethics Theory and Contemporary Issues. Wadsworth Publishing. Miller A. (2003) An world to Contemporary Metaethics, Polity. Yahoo News (March 8, 2009). Vatican defends Brazil excommunication. Retrived on March 10, 2009 from http//au. news. yahoo. com/a/-/world/5375029/vatican-defends-brazil-excommunication/

AQA AS Philosophy Reason and Experience Key Points Essay Example for Free

AQA AS Philosophy Reason and Experience Key Points EssayThere be different types of knowledge acquaintance, ability and propositional knowledge. Theories of knowledge discussed here atomic number 18 about propositional knowledge. Knowledge is not the same as belief. Beliefs basin be mistaken, but no-one tush know what is fictitious. Knowledge is not the same as on-key belief, either. True beliefs may not be sightlyified, but flowerpot be believed without evidence. To be knowledge, a belief must be justified. Rationalism claims that we can stir artificial a priori knowledge of how things be outside the mind. Empiricism denies this.It claims that any a priori knowledge is only of analytic propositions. Do all ideas derive from sentiency experience? Locke argues that the mind at birth is a tabula rasa there argon no innate ideas, which Locke defines as ideas present in the mind from birth. Locke argues that there is no truth that everyone, including idiots and children , assents to so no truth is innate. Rationalists define innate ideas as ideas (concepts or propositions) whose content cant be gained from experience, but which are triggered by experience.Locke and Hume argue that all concepts are derived from sense experience, from impressions of sensation or reflection. They claim that simple concepts are copies of impressions complex concepts are created out of simple concepts by combining and abstracting them. One argument for innate concepts is to challenge the empiricist to show how a particular complex or abstract concepts, for example, a physical object, is supposed to be derived from experience. If it cannot be, and it is employ by children, then this is a reason to think it is innate.Are all claims about what exists ultimately grounded in and justified by sense experience? Hume argues that all a priori knowledge is of relations of ideas, and so analytic. All knowledge of synthetic propositions, matters of fact, is a posteriori. It depe nds either on present experience or causal inference, which relies on past experience. Our knowledge of matters of fact that relies on induction can only be probably never proven. Some rationalists, for example, Descartes, try to show that we can give a priori intuition and deductive argument to demonstrate what exists.The core of the idea of rational intuition is that you can see the truth of a claim just by thinking about it. Descartes argues that sense experience on its own cannot establish what exists how can we know that all sense experience is not a deception cause by an evil demon? He argues that he cannot interrogation his own existence, and that the mind can exist without the body. Descartes argues for the existence of the physical creative activity by first arguing for the existence of God. From God not being a deceiver, it follow that our sense experience in general cant be completely mistaken so they physical domain of a function exists.Conceptual schemes and thei r philosophical implications Thinkers who defend the idea of conceptual schemes often argue that there are twain distinguishable elements to our experience the data of the sense, and then the interpretation of these data by a set of concepts. Some argue that human beings strike hypothesise different conceptual scheme which are not translatable into each other. From the same sense experience, they form different views of the world. Because we must use concepts to formulate truths, we can argue that truths are relative to conceptual schemes.Or more accurately, some truths can only be stated in certain conceptual schemes and not others, and there is no one conceptual scheme which we can use to state all truths. Do all ideas derive from sense experience? II One objection to the empiricist theory of the origin of concepts is that there are some complex concepts, for example, knowledge and beauty that cannot be analysed in terms of simpler concepts. A bet on objection is that some si mple ideas, for example, a particular shade of blue, dont have to be derived from sense impressions.Empiricists can respond in two ways all ideas could be derived from sense experience or some ideas are exceptions to the rule that all ideas are derived from sense experience, but these exceptions are derived from ideas that are derived from sense experience. Another objection is that it is not possible to derive any concepts from experience, because in order to form concepts, we must make judgements of similarity and difference to come apart experiences. But we can only make these judgements if we already have the concepts.Defenders of innate ideas maintain that we innately have very specific capacities for forming particular ideas, and these ideas count as innate. Suggestions for the origin of innate ideas include evolution, God, and a previous existence. Are all claims about what exists ultimately grounded in and justified by sense experience? II Rationalists claim that we have sy nthetic a priori knowledge either innately or through rational intuition Plato argues that many particular objects can have the same property, for example, beauty.These properties can exist independently of the particular objects, as shown by the fact that is we destroy all beautiful things, we havent destroyed beauty. These properties are instances of the Forms. Plato argues that innate concepts are our knowledge of the Forms, from a previous existence. Unless we had such innate memories, we wouldnt be able to classify experience using concepts. Descartes argues that he cannot doubt his existence. We can object that he cannot know he exists only that thoughts exist. Descartes also argues that the mind can exist without the body.We can object that just because he can conceive that this is possible doesnt show that this is possible. Both these arguments and the objections use a priori reasoning. Hume objects that a priori reasoning can only establish analytic truths. Nietzsche argues that reasoning is not, in fact, something independent that reveals the truth, but is grounded on assumptions about value. Metaphysical theories are the result of attempts to defend a particular way of understanding the world, one that rests on the false assumption that good and bad are opposites.The verification belief claims that a statement only has meaning if it is either analytic or empirically verifiable. However, the principle itself is neither analytic nor empirically verifiable. Rationalists argue that mathematics is an example of synthetic a priori knowledge. Empiricists argue that mathematics is analytic. Is certainty confined to introspection and the tautological? Descartes argues that what we can doubt is not certain enough to be knowledge.However, we can argue that certainty and justification are not the same thing, and that while knowledge need to be justified, we need an argument to show that it must be certain. Certainty can refer to a subjective feeling, to a pro position being inescapably true or to the impossibility of doubting a proposition. Empiricists claim that analytic truth is the only kind of necessary truth. Rationalists argue that there are synthetic a priori truths that are also necessary. A necessary truth is certain.Claims about mental state, based on introspection, may also be certain for the somebody whose mental states they are. Whether any other claims are certain depend on whether there are necessary synthetic a priori truths. Conceptual schemes and their philosophical implications II Kant argues that experience is of objects, and asks how it is possible for experience to be intelligible in this way, not a confused buzz. He answers that what makes experience possible are certain concepts, which he calls categories. These categories together express the pure thought of an object.One such category is causality. This enables us to distinguish the temporal order of our perceptions from the temporal order of objects. Kant argu es that to blether of concepts interpreting sensation is misleading. Our sensory experience is always already conceptualised as experience of objects. Two implications of Kants theory are that the structure of the everyday world of objects is defined by our a priori concepts and that we cannot know anything about how reality is completely independent of how we think of it.

Discussing The Practice Of Manually Measuring Blood Pressure Nursing Essay

Discussing The Practice Of Manu aloney Measuring Blood Pres really Nursing EssayIn this appellative I halt chosen to discuss a manual relationship bosom a clinical science in which I have rick competent in practising. Developing the ability to perform a practical skill safely is necessary for all nursing students (Nursing and Midwifery Council NMC 2008). I pull up stakes reflect on this skill using a reflective model I will be using the Gibbs model (1998) which consists of five elements description, feelings, evaluation, analysis terminus and a action plan.I have chosen this skill as in all the clinical seatments I have been placed in business mechanical press monitoring has always been functiond only the electronic method preferred. While observing early(a) healthcare professionals performing this skill I have encountered different standards and conflicting evidence. Having both the skills and the be intimateledge of how to take a manual blood drag is essential for tolerant safety (NMC 2008). Achieving competence in this domain of a function has become much difficult since the introduction of the electronic BP monitors. I have researched the topic of blood pressure monitoring to give myself a greater knowledge.The uncomplaining was an 86 year old gentleman with hypertension (see Profile). High blood pressure is a very common condition in modern order of magnitude if left undetected can lead to life threatening conditions (British Hypertension Society BHS 2009). It is estimated that 6.5% of patients have been wrongly diagnosed as hypersensitive having their blood pressure interpreted using an electronic method (Coe and Houghton 2002). Having the skill of taking a manual blood pressure is important for patients safety and health.DescriptionI was asked by my mentor while in clinical placement to perform a manual blood pressure. The electronic method that was usually used was imperfect and an right reading could not be obtained. As a studen t nurse I had been taught the skill in university and practiced on fellow students but not had much luck to perform the skill on placement. Following a discussion with my mentor I collected the equipment to tally sure it was all available and in working order. I returned to the patient and asked if I could carry out the routine and washed my hands originally starting.I then assessed the bit of the patient to make sure I had access and that he had no restricting clothing on and that he was in a comfortable position. Placing a pillow under his elbow I placed a medium sized blood pressure manacle on the speeding arm of the patient. The cuff was centred using the arrow on the cuff over the brachial arterial blood vessel. I then located the brachial pulse and placed my fingers over the pulse. Making sure the valve of the bladder was closed I inflated the blood pressure cuff until I could no longer feel the pulse, this is the estimated systolic pressure I then deflated the cuff.Lea ving for a few seconds before continuing I located the brachial pulse again and placed the diaphragm of the stethoscope over this point. I inflated the cuff again to the estimated systolic I have previously gained adding 30mmhg.When reaching this point I began to deflate the cuff slowly and listen for the prime(prenominal) beat or korotoff sounds. This would give me the systolic pressure and then continued to listen for the last beat which is the diastolic pressure. The last beat was very terrible to listen for as the patient in the next bed began to cough so had to inflate the cuff again and listen until I could confirm the reading. afterward(prenominal) finishing the procedure I left the patient comfortable and went to clean the equipment, to document and report the result to my mentor.After performing the skill on the patient my mentor asked me to perform the skill on her to give me more practice after explaining to her I had not had much experience. While doing this she advi sed me on stages that would dish me improve practice. She suggested that if the area was noisy that I could watch for a slight flicker on the needle of the sphygmomanometer to identify the first and last beat. Another tip was that I could use the radial artery instead of the brachial artery. My mentor also mentioned to make sure that the patient did not have their legs crossed.FeelingsAfter this procedure I felt that I had performed the skill well even though I had not had a lot of practice performing the skill. Being asked to do the manual blood pressure I initially had reservation at whether I was competent at the procedure but think this was just privation of confidence. On reflection I would have had more confidence in myself if I had more opportunity to practice the skill in clinical practice. military rankA positive outcome is that I now feel more confident to perform the skill of taking a manual blood pressure accurately. Having performed the skill on my mentor after perfo rming on the patient and being given tips that would improve my practice has given me the confidence to perform the skill. I also now have a better knowledge of the evidence based practice of taking a manual blood pressure after reading about the subject and the importance of accurately measuring the blood pressure. This includes different factor that can affect blood pressure and prevent from obtaining an accurate reading. However the negative of the situation is the manual blood pressure monitoring is not widely used in some clinical areas and they are intemperately reliant on the electronic method.AnalysisMy mentor asked me to perform the manual blood pressure because the electronic method was not obtaining a reading. Discussing the procedure before with her gave me confidence to perform the skill, and the importance of being able to perform the skill accurately. Having a holistic approach this is one of the skills of looking at the whole patients and not just certain aspects. Be ing a holistic nurse is having the knowledge and theories behind the skill. Having the evidence based practice knowing what can affect the blood pressure and taking these factors into consideration.Collecting the equipment before starting the procedure making sure that it is all in working order before hand helps make sure that you are going to obtain a correct reading. Assessing the environment before starting the procedure doing a risk assessment making sure you have adequate access to the patient will help to improve practice.Gaining consent from the patient before beginning the procedure is following the nursing and obstetrics code (2008). Gaining consent from a patient must be done before any clinical procedure is commenced and patients have the right to refuse handling or care and a nurse must respect the wishes of the patient. Gaining consent helps to ensure the patient understands the procedure that is being performed.Washing hands before a procedure using the ayliffe techni que encourages good practice (World Health Organisation 2002). Using evidence based research it has been discovered that cross infection amid patients has reduced with the introduction of the wash your hands campaign (NSPA 2008).Making sure that the patient does not have any restrictive clothing on the mail and that the arm is supported at heart level. Evidence has show that blood pressure can be 10 12 mmhg higher when the blood pressure is taken with the arm dangling giving a false high reading (Mallett Dougherty 2008).Using the correct size cuff is very important as using the incorrect cuff can give a false reading (Perry Potter 2007). Making sure the cuff fits snugly on the upper arm covering about 80% of the arm (BHS 2009). Using the arrow on the cuff help to centre the cuff in the correct place and help to locate the brachial artery which is situated in the crook of the arm. Covering only 80% of the arm also gives ample access to use the stethoscope not doing this may res ult in the sounds not being able to be heard adequately.Locating the brachial pulse and feeling for until it disappears this is the estimated systolic and adding 30mmhg to the pressure when inflated (Baillie 2005) this is so unnecessary pressure is not added to the arm while the skill is being performed. Using the radial artery instead of the brachial artery does give better access and I have found that it is easier to find on most patients.Using the tips given to me by my mentor I know feel that I have the knowledge to accurately perform a manual blood pressure. Gain supporting evidence from The Royal Marsden Manual (Mallett Dougherty 2008) and other sources has helped me to improve my practice which has given me more confidence to perform this skill with accuracy and competence.ConclusionI am pleased that I was given the opportunity by my mentor to improve my practice in performing the skill of taking a manual blood pressure. I am now more confident in performing the skill and ca n understand the importance of providing an accurate reading.The measuring of a manual blood pressure is an important skill and the evidence based practice is also a vital part of the procedure. When checking a blood pressure the most accurate method to use is a manual blood pressure (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence NICE 2004)Action PlanI am going to take either opportunity where possible to perform manual blood pressure monitoring as I feel that I am confident and competent enough to do so. Having this skill means that if electronic medical devices fail that I have the ability to carry on with my duties and will not affect patient care. The knowledge that I have gained from my mentor about the tips on performing a manual blood pressure I can pass on to my fellow students and other health care professionals and they can also improve their knowledge and performance on taking a manual blood pressure. In doing this I can hopefully improve patient care and make th e care more individual to the patent.Words 1,634

You Are What You Eat Essay

You Are What You Eat EssayYou ar what you sap is a phrase a survey of masses use. Im non sure who came up with that phrase entirely it is very true. Food is a big part of what bring race in concert here in Yap. Most gathering on island during celebration looks colorful because of all(prenominal) the transmutation of local diet, including fruits and veget satisfactorys. The batch of Yap be friendly and they rich person the habilitate of offering regimen and drinks to visitor that comes to their place. It is very offending if the visitors do non except the food that was offered to them. Nowadays people would still offer food to visitors but what they have is not estimable food. Most ar ashamed of extinguishing to bury sound food a understructure of tuna is let out than crabs. This attitude similarly transfers to all a lot of sisterren, approximately would rather have luncheon meat, hotdogs, corn beef, or thus far bomb tail in as their food rather than fish, crab or clam. So, In addition, some of the foods eaten here in Yap are store bought food because it is that is fast and palmy to eat. It may taste technical and it is easy to make, but is modern food serious for us? When ask an individual they would set up you that it is not. When an individual is asked, he or she would say it is not good, but what is said and what is make are two totally different stories. What they say and what they do is two totally different stories. How we eat and what we eat shows people how we were raised and what blue-blooded of person we would turn out to be. A person plenty who watches what they eat and does exercise is are more apparent to be healthy. A person eating junk food who sleeps a lot and does no exercise would probably be obese and more credibly to be diabetic.In the real world, it is not easy for a child children to stick with a healthy diet because what they see they copy. Parents who mix sugar in their drinks have children that to a fault do the same thing. It is excessively the same with alcoholic parent their children are more likely to be alcoholic. It is up to the parents or the person taking care of the child to play a big role in not unaccompanied making healthy choices for children and teaching children to make healthy choices for themselves. Before children likes to swim, play tag with other children or even jump rope but nowadays you hardly see children doing that. Most children spend their quantify playing games or watching television and eating junk food. The advertisements on television does not do children to eat better. What the children sees on TV to them looks delicious and appetizing, so they would pester their parents to get it for them. If parents or the person taking care of the child is a lenient iodin, the child would get what they he or she wants. The hospital evict too help with the support and information the parents and caregivers needs to make healthy choices while instillin g healthy eating habits in children that will last a life prison term. Health providers should help the communities to understand the consequence of eating imported food.Long before the foreigner came, people teach by showing examples and explaining things. The old teaches the schoolgirlish what is good to eat and how to go about fixing it. No unrivalled worries about gaining weight having cardiac problem or even having high melody pressure. populate only eat local food and they live long and stay healthy. Today our look of leaving is declining because of all this easy to get food from the store. We have doctors, nurses and scientists telling us how to manage our lives. They also tell us to go subscribe to the way we used to eat, which is good but hard because most of us grow up with modern food or imported food. When people attend a celebration or even a secondary gathering, food is one of the things people like to share but instead of eating local food, they would eat impor ted food (Needs Assessment for Micronesian Health commission in Hawaii 13). Today with people coming back from school with all this idea in their head on how to better help the people of Yap States. They go around saying people should not do this or do that because of too much sugar, instead of showing and saying that they can eat this pattern of food, but not all the time. raze in the hospital, nurses sometimes give wrong information to in endurings, especially to diabetic once. Some nurses would tell the patient not to eat certain local food because it contains sugar. In reality the patient can eat the food because it is local, but not all the time.One of the things that help people in Yap long time ago to stay healthy is exercise. Everything Yapese people do is a certain cast of exercise. Even deviation from places to places people either walk or go by canoe. Getting firewood is also not an easy task but the women also do this kind of work. They cut and gather two to three b askets of firewood for their own house. The women go to taro patches clean and harvest the taro which is not an easy job. sometimes harvesting taro for the family a women would do that two to three times a week with one to two basket of taro. Sometimes they would climb up or look under the coconut guide for leaves to cut and weave it into basket for the taro. They also do gardening and most of the time the males do not help. They cut small trees, vines pull up grass or weeds and they even burn down big trees so that they can plant seeds underneath. They would give birth the taro home and also cook it. They take care of cooking for the whole family, cleanup the house, and taking care of the children with the help of the novel girls if the family has any. The ladies do not have that much free time to hang out with their neighbors because almost everything around the house they are responsible for. Girls have the responsibilities to help their mothers with the chores around the hou se. This split needs to be written in the past tense as it is a discussion of the pastAs for the men fishing is one of the things they do for their families and relatives. They would either go fizgig fishing, netting, using lines or trolling by boat. Trolling and line fishing is more relaxing then netting and spear fishing. Netting and spear fishing is one kind of fishing that deals with swimming or diving around in the water. For the women only few of them goes fishing for their families but the rest do not. The men also have the responsibility to build houses for his family or help his extended families with their houses. Sometimes, the men would help with preparing the garden. If the men are not fishing they are building canoe or teaching young boys how to build things. Most of the time, the men are the once who climb coconut tree to get coconut for the family and they also climb and harvest betel nut to chew. The boys help with the climbing and sometimes the girls if the famil y does not have boys. Past experience alsoThe pacific island countries are in a state of transition. Pacific island people are changing very fast from a lifestyle which is very healthy, with farming, fishing, walk of life and gardening, to a less healthy lifestyle where food and goods are purchased and not produced locally, people use cars, and generally there is less physical exercise. The increased migration from villages areas to towns and cities has also meant a big change to the pacific way of life. Today people do not have affluent exercise they spend most of their time watching television and when they want to go somewhere they go by car. Climbing coconut is another way of exercising which few people are still doing it. The taro patches is all over grown with weeds because people are too lazy or do not care to clean them. People have the tendency eat and lay down to rest or sleep claiming that the food they just eat need to digest. Other people would dekagram around the l agoon and comes back and eat whatever they want. The only exercise most people do is to walk from the house to their car.Parents have the tendency to over feed their children and by doing this they create a problem. First they start introducing food to the baby when they are a few months old because to them the baby is not having enough food with breastfeeding. Second is when the baby is a toddler, the parents would spoon feed the toddler to the point that the toddler with start to refuse the food and the parents would force the child to eat all the food in the plate. Right at that minute the parents create a problem, forcing the child to eat more than the childs body needs. likewise Yapese a fatten out child is considered healthy and a slime or skinny child is considering sickly and needs to fatten up. Health worker should back up and explain to the parents that babies should only stick to breastfeeding for the next six months. After the six months, when feeding the baby they sh ould not over feed them. When the baby is full the parents should stop feeding. By doing this the parents help the child to eat only what their body needs not what they think their body needs. It is also good to start giving local food to your child and not store bought baby food. Also, the parents or caretaker should stay away from giving coconut milk to new born it is full of fats. The doctors, nurses, and health worker should advice this people to stay away from coconut milk. Even though Yapese people believe that giving coconut milk to babies is very healthy and also feeding them that young is good for the mother and babies.Healthy people long ago only drink plain water and coconuts. Those are the two kinds of drink that they drink and it is good for them. Plain water or coconut without ice and it is not cold. Today people bought soft drink from the store and other things to mix with their water including sugar. They even bought alcohol like beer and other beverages to also drin k. People do not have time to look for coconut and if they do they harvest them to sell not to drink at the house. Coconuts are turning into copra because only few people would drink them. For those that they want to drink they spend money looking for them and buying them. Coconuts are getting very expansive to buy nowadays. So, parents mix their childrens drink or by them juice from the store and send them to school. Some even buy soft drink for their kids because to them it is cheaper than buying coconut. According to Maria Laaken, one of my colleagues at the hospital children nowadays wont drink plain water because it does not taste good and they dont want to be different from the other kids. At the same time the parents dont want to deal with all complains early in the morning before going to school.Yap is well known for having umteen good healthy local foods. It is the people who made bad choices when it comes to food. All ever the island you will see variety of local food inc luding vegetables and at the same time some of the stores also sell local food and vegetables. It is easy and possible to grow them because Yapese people also own land. It should be foreign people or people from other places who should have problem with their diet not Yapese. Instead foreign people go around looking for all the local food and the Yapese goes look for all the imported food. Most taro patches here in Yap are transcend with grass or weeds because people like to eat white rice. Inside most ice-box of people here in Yap is full of misfire tails and chicken, it is hard to find fish. Overweight in the Pacific Professor Susan Cassels claim that all of the foods that the people in the Federal States of Micronesia like to eat are foods that are easy to get or easy to make and it is affordable or a lot cheaper. One of those foods is turkey tails and turkey tail to the people in the United States is not food because to them it is fertilizer. To the Yapese it is one of the che apest and tasty foods because of all the grease and fats.Increase availability of money and people is tell on to imported foods have result in people not eating the right kind of food, and increase consumption, with diets high in sugar and fats and often unkept in fiber, vitamins and minerals. A reduction in physical activity, fishing, walking, gardening has led to an increase in obesity in both adults and children. The exercise researcher at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Baton Rouge, La. Dr. Timothy S. Church, the reason the population is getting obese and lowering is because of lack of physical activities at work, and those jobs that makes people to do physical labor are all gone. A high rate of smoking and increasing consumption of alcohol makes the situation worse. The eating habit of people here in Yap contributes to most of the diseases that the people of Yap encounter. Because of foreign influence and people wanting to be Americanize or modernise they would go to a lot of trouble to eat imported food. Before people hardly get sick and when they do it is not life threatening. People do not have problem with their sugar level or have high blood pressure. Consumption of imported food contributes to a lot of people dying in Yap. All the non-communicable disease in Yap can be stop or prevented by going back to the way we leave. We eat only local food either from these or from the land and this sickness will leave our people and also our island (Jackson 88).thither are many non-communicable diseases here in Yap. One of them is diabetic, also known as having problem with your sugar level. Diabetes develops when the body does not make enough insulin or is not able to use insulin effectively, or both. There are two types of diabetic, I and II. Diabetic type I it is believe that a person is born with that type of non-communicable diseases or it is passed from mother to child. As for the other type, type II diabetic a person gets it latter in li fe. In 2006 to 2007 there was a survey done on Yap Proper and it shows that in general 23% of the people are diabetic and 35% are high blood pressure (Ichiho, Yurow, and Lifang 16). People with diabetes can triplet a normal healthy life. Diabetes is manageable by eating the right food, exercise and sometimes medication. Medication that the patient is taking does not cure the patient but only help to prolong the patients life. All people with diabetes and hypertension that need advice about diabetes and hypertension management can ask help from a doctor or nurse.The population of Yap Island has significant burdens of obesity and overweight, hypertension, and diabetes. Obesity and overweight appear in children as young as two historic period of age and skyrocket between ages 15 and 25 twelvemonths in both males and females. Following the development of obesity, both males and females begin to experience hypertension and diabetes at bottom 10 years. (Durand 163)It is suspected that this non-communicable disease happens because of all the imported food the people eat and drink. To prevent people from having diabetic people needs to go back to the way they live. Go back to eating local food from the sea and food from the land. Compare to the United States the Federal States of Micronesia has 20% more diabetic people (Needs Assessment for Micronesian Health Care in Hawaii 28).The other non-communicable disease is hypertension. There are two types of hypertension. One is Primary Hypertension and that is the most common form, accounting for majority of cases in Yap. Second is Secondary Hypertension and it occurs as a result of many factors one example is kidney disease. No one knows the cause of hypertension the only thing they know is the contributing factor and they are ageing, smoking, eating food with to much salt in it, being overweight or obese, drinking a lot of alcohol, not enough exercise, stress to name a few. To prevent people from having hypertension t hey should maintain a healthy weight because being over weight contributes to have high blood pressure. The other thing is people should get regular exercise because being physically active makes the person less likely to have high blood pressure. It those not mean you have to ran around the track or being in a marathon. It just means that people needs to move a bit like wash dishes, cooking local food, gardeningetc.many people in Yap are dying because of what they put in their mouth. Most dead is because of the amount of food people eat and also what kind of food they eat. The lifestyle of the people in Yap contributes to a lot of problem that people are facing getting fat and obese are two other health problem that the people of Yap encounter. Some end up with amputate limb because of uncontrolled eating ways others intractable once are dying each day. According to Jackson, the bad news about these diseases is that they are now killing Micronesians fast at least one person dies e very second day from cardiovascular diseases in other words one person every other day eats themselves to devastation Diabetes and hypertension has increase in proportion in our islands. In 2010 alone there are 847 diabetes and hypertension patients total that comes in for visits (Yap State Statistical yearbook 148). This means that people in our island can and has suffer from complications from diabetes and hypertension such as blindness, amputations and kidney failure. After having one of these conditions the individual will pass away eventually.There are a lot of things the hospital can do to help the people of Yap States to eat healthy and live long but that is up to the people to be willing to except the advice given to them. The doctors, nurses and health workers can only do so much but it is all depend on each individual. The doctors, nurses, and health worker can show people what would happen if they will not listen to their advice but if the individual is close minded th an this truly nothing the hospital can do. One solution is to keep to the traditional ways of living, eating and exercising including dancing. The people must also keep in mind that not only eating healthy food would save them but also exercises help. They also need to teach and encourage the public that eating healthy starts when people are young. They should not wait until it is too late. Because having a heart attack is not a laughing matter once a person gets it there gone. Unlike strokes and heart failure they will still see tomorrow but still they can also go anytime. Even kidney failure, having that is a drain on the families of the patient. The people should go back and start planting their garden again that is if they want to live long. They should also start cleaning their taro patches and planting taro. Be aware of diabetes and hypertension and what is going on about these diseases. People have to have protective measures to prevent the incidence of having hypertension a nd diabetes. Every year in Yap women and mens week are held to help doctors to detect any diseases and sickness that the people of Yap might have. It is held every year but it is really up to the people of Yap State to want to do it. Announcement goes out by radio, television and even flyer to encourage people to join. One should change ones lifestyle, so that one is more active and is able to either prevent hypertension and diabetes or, if suffering, learn to cope up with it. Having these kind of diseases is hard because there is no turning back once a person has it they have it for life. So, it is really up to the individual to decide what is better for them and their kids. Too either gets sick and dies young or lives long and have a healthy life.

Horror Films Special Effects and Cinematography

Horror Films special Effects and CinematographyFrom our child hood we have been imagining ghosts and seeing imaginary things that are almost incredible to exist to pose us terrific fears and these fears come to haunt our dreams. Watching a abhorrence impression gives us that old feeling of fear and makes us emotion tout ensembley attached to the film. The horrific images from the characterization with its supernumerary effects and sudden sounds would make many watch them even though its scary. But almost all the aversion pictorial matters end after balance is restored and everything turns to normal to give the audience a sense of satisfaction.The dissertation is based on the Study of cinematography and special effects in a Horror movie. In the recent past camera, inflaming and special effects are of greater importance and fame, so it volition be worth exploring those topics. As far as the technical aspect is concerned a brief research of how these var. of films are being put down from the shooting spot itself, will be very useful for an aspiring artist to get a better idea about its development. Horror films go back as far as the onset of films themselves, over 100 years ago.IntroductionThe researcher was interested in watching horror films from his childishness and he was deeply interested in these musical genres. In his childhood the researcher was very much impressed with the serial mainly called Genmam-X and Marmadesam. The drama that he stage in his schooldays with horror and scary effects as the theme was applauded well by the audience. The tremendous response from the security guards made him start acquire the concepts and idea relating to this genre and finally concluded with this concept.It is difficult to show scary effects in screens. If the director gets his requirements from all the technicians the film will be successful, differently it will non. In order to get success the film must blockade interesting characters and it also depends on their acting. And in terms of technical aspects the cinematography and special effects play a major role. In Indian cinemas, there is some(a) response for these kinds of genre when compared to Hollywood. The main aim of the upcoming unawares film is that after seeing this, many people have to change their mind to see horror films also. So the main thing that the film should contain is better cinematography with matching special effects. Instead of concentrating on the story alone, cinematography and special effects should be given more importance.AimTo give the thrill the viewer expects mainly the use of the camera, lightings and Special Effects, Were Script play the secondary role.Statement of the problemThe main purpose of adding the special effects is to daunt the viewer. When it goes beyond the limit it might not be watched by many people. In this situation it whitethorn go to an other genre of hardcore horror. It may scare people but it will create some abnormal e ffects in the minds of some people.ObjectivesHow is cinematography in horror films different from other films?What are special Effects?How is Special Effects through with(p) in horror movies?A Study of the cinematography for horror movies.How is make up done for horror movies?Research QuestionsWhat are Special Effects?Colors and intensity of lights? camera trick and technique in cinematography?Special Effects (Make up) for horror movies?How the horror movies getting winning changes?Significance of the studyHorror movies are the best platform to find rich special effects and lighting and ofttimes interesting camera handling which gives the viewers a different experience From other films. The study through this dissertation is to understand The cinematography in horror films and application of special effects in them.Table of contentChapter 1 Introduction1.1 Aim1.2 Statement of problem1.3 Research questions1.4 Objectives1.5 Significance of studyChapter 2 Review of literature2 .1 Movies2.2 Websites2.3 Books and articlesChapter 3 Research MethodologyChapter 4 Horror films4.1 Definition4.2 HistoryChapter 5 Introduction to Cinematography5.1 Camera5.1.1 Lens5.1.2 Filters5.2 judiciousness of Field and Focus5.3 Aspect ratio and Framing5.4 Camera Movements and Camera Angles5.5 LightingChapter 6 Cinematography in Horror Films6.1 over View6.2 Camera Works in Horror Films6.2.1 Camera Movement and Angles6.2.2 Analysis of Movie Shots6.3 LightingChapter 7 Different between Normal films and Horror Films (Cinematography)Chapter 8 Special effects8.1 History8.2 what is Special effect8.3 Planning and use8.4 Live Special effect8.5 Make upChapter-9 Integration of dissertation with projectChaper-10-Analysis and coatingREVIEW OF LITERATUREMoviesReferencePsycho (1960) and the director is Alfred Hitchcock. The cinematography is done by John L.Russell.Psycho is one of the best Hollywood horror movies best for lighting. In one scene the psycho is going to k ill the lady who is taking her bath were the lighting was done very well to signify the horror. It is considered to be the best cinematography, in 1961 by John L.Russell .Oscar was nominated for this film.ReferenceThe Thing (1982) directed by John Carpenter with Special Effects by nobble Bottin.The movie was taken in 1982. In that period they used special effects and visual Effects and make up. The makeup was so realistic that it attracted the viewer Quickly. A human is transformed to a demon easily and the scene is presented very effectively which will fascinate the people. . The comment was that it was too scary. This shows how they have utilise VFX and SFX. And the Best special effect 1982 Rob Bottin Saturn award was nominated for thisFilm.ReferenceVan Helsing and the director is Stephen Sommers.The cinematography is handled by Allen Daviau.The movie Van Helsing comes under the genre of horror and it came out in the year 2004. In this movie they followed a really nice cinematog raphy. Actually this movie came out from the comic that Van Helsing is a ghost hunter who will be roaming around the earth in search of ghost, In this movie also he is coming to a closure in search of the ghost. There are two interesting characters in this movie. One is the Frankenstein and the other one is the wolf character which was in the custody of the villain. The otiose ordinary thing about the movie is that the CG In early days, man used special effects and later it got developed into visual effects. In this movie there are many visual effects shots. A few examples entangle the climate sequence where the ordinary man transforms into a wolf that is a quality CG work in the industry. Further there are many VFX shots in the movie. Special effects include the blood bossing from the mouth and the usage of the toy in the movies where Gabriel (hero) taking the Frankenstein away from the village.Most of the shots were shot inside the studio and they were composited later. Usage of expressive and breath taking matte paintings added to the quality of the movie. The cinematography of the movie plays a major role because of the proper establishment and composition.ReferenceMirror-2 directed by Victor Garcia. Cinematography is done by Lorenzo Senatore.It is really a kind of hardcore killing movie where we can find the hero who is replacing the old security guard in the office. The main concept behind this movie is the revenge by the girl who is killed by the head officer. And he is killing the people through the medium mirror. The main success behind the movie is the lighting and cinematography.ReferenceSaw-4, directed by Darren Lynn Bousman and cinematography by David Armstrong.This movie is the successor of the three early parts. The success behind the movie is the usage of the equipments and the method he used for killing others. In the first scene of the movie the villain killed the victim by tying the body to a steel bed and the ax was in a to and fro mo tion just above the stomach of the victim where it got peeled into many pieces.WebsiteReferenceThis Media Studies Factsheet was researched Written by Steph HendryThe horror films are not from this period. Those films were taken from the very early times where they only(prenominal) depend on the special effects and the camera tricks .At that time also some nice pictures came to wit the Frankenstein a ghost which was made by a man by assembling many internal organs .This is the fact, that behind the creation of the ghost viz. Frankenstein, is one type of ghost. There are many types of ghost that may include the external ghost which was having its own appearance and they will have some special characteristics. The Internal ghost is that it will enter ones body and it will do some thing inside the body of the character. This is the kind of ghost and others include the vampire. Mostly all the thriller movies have this type of ghost, there will be a character sucking blood from the hum ans and using them for their existence. They will be more like humans living with them but they will have some special characteristicsIn the earlier periods the ghost will be only living inside the cave and later the living area of the ghost also increased ,no matter where the ghost are living- it may be at school, it may in our home or inside ones soul no matter where it will be. So we can go to the place as we indirect request when going for this kind of genre. And nowadays time is also not a matter for the ghost it may come at day time or it may come when we are sleeping and when we are in dream. The only fact is that vampire can roam around the world during day times.(Reference www.darkwebonile.com )accessed onBook

Sustainable Agriculture: The Ethical Choice for the Future Essay

Sustainable Agriculture The Ethical resource for the FutureThesis The idea of sustainable cultivation is a legitimate, logical, and necessary climax to the bare-assed concerns and problems stemming from current agricultural trends in light of impending global solid food shortages and rapid depletion of natural re point of references.IntroductionAgriculture has been a principal source of obtaining food to meet basic needs of humans for thousands of years. More recently, with the industrial enterprise of agriculture, increased efficiency, and a decreased need for small rural farmers, there has been a resulting gulf of consumers to the process in which their food is produced. As we are embarking on a new century, there is growing concern that perhaps our industrialized agriculture system is not functioning as effectively as it has in the past. It is time that we move to adopt a new paradigm as we pass water the set up of modern agriculture on our environment, economic viabilit y, and social justice issues, in light of the impending global food shortage. According to John Ikerd from the University of Missouri, traditionalistic agriculturists currently foresee a proceed trend toward fewer, larger, and more specialized production units. They see current trends continuing until a half-dozen or so international corporations tick off virtually all processing and distribution of agricultural commodities in a single global food and fiber market. With this movement continuing as it is promptly there will be increasing reliance on biological technologies and information technologies at all levels within the global agricultural system. Forecasts of the continued industrialization of agriculture permeate both professional agricultural publications and the popular... ...orld today. It is the ethical choice for those of us concerned with the well-being of future generations and the rural communities today.Works CitedHassanein, Neva. ever-changing the modality A merica Farms. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, 1999.Bird, Elizabeth Ann R., et al. Planting the Future. Iowa State University Press, Ames, 1995.Pretty, Jules N. Regenerating Agriculture. Joseph Henry Press, Washington D.C., 1995.Why so much controversy over Genetically change Organisms? October 25, 2003. <http//www.cimmyt.cgiar.org/first principle/10-FAQaboutGMOs/htm/10-FAQaboutGMOs.htm.Ikerd, John. Sustainable Agriculture A Positive Alternative to Industrial Agriculture October 25, 2003 <http//www.ssu.missouri.edu/faculty/jikerd/papers/ks-hrtld.htm . Disadvantages of No-Till October 25, 2003. <http//pas.byu.edu/AgHrt282/Tillage/sld023.htm Sustainable Agriculture The Ethical Choice for the Future EssaySustainable Agriculture The Ethical Choice for the FutureThesis The idea of sustainable agriculture is a legitimate, logical, and necessary approach to the new concerns and problems stemming from current agricultural trends in light of impending global foo d shortages and rapid depletion of natural resources.IntroductionAgriculture has been a principal source of obtaining food to meet basic needs of humans for thousands of years. More recently, with the industrialization of agriculture, increased efficiency, and a decreased need for small rural farmers, there has been a resulting disconnect of consumers to the process in which their food is produced. As we are embarking on a new century, there is growing concern that perhaps our industrialized agriculture system is not functioning as effectively as it has in the past. It is time that we move to adopt a new paradigm as we realize the effects of modern agriculture on our environment, economic viability, and social justice issues, in light of the impending global food shortage. According to John Ikerd from the University of Missouri, traditional agriculturists currently foresee a continued trend toward fewer, larger, and more specialized production units. They see current trends continui ng until a half-dozen or so multinational corporations control virtually all processing and distribution of agricultural commodities in a single global food and fiber market. With this movement continuing as it is now there will be increasing reliance on biological technologies and information technologies at all levels within the global agricultural system. Forecasts of the continued industrialization of agriculture permeate both professional agricultural publications and the popular... ...orld today. It is the ethical choice for those of us concerned with the well-being of future generations and the rural communities today.Works CitedHassanein, Neva. Changing the Way America Farms. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, 1999.Bird, Elizabeth Ann R., et al. Planting the Future. Iowa State University Press, Ames, 1995.Pretty, Jules N. Regenerating Agriculture. Joseph Henry Press, Washington D.C., 1995.Why so much controversy over Genetically Modified Organisms? October 25, 2003. < http//www.cimmyt.cgiar.org/ABC/10-FAQaboutGMOs/htm/10-FAQaboutGMOs.htm.Ikerd, John. Sustainable Agriculture A Positive Alternative to Industrial Agriculture October 25, 2003 <http//www.ssu.missouri.edu/faculty/jikerd/papers/ks-hrtld.htm . Disadvantages of No-Till October 25, 2003. <http//pas.byu.edu/AgHrt282/Tillage/sld023.htm

Dr. Strangelove, by Stanley Kubrick :: Dr. Strangelove Essays

In Dr. Strangelove, Stanley Kubrick took a serious issue and turned it into a political comedy. He was fit to illustrate a satire of the hazardous notion of a nuclear war and the whacky individuals who were coordinating it, and furthermore, addressed the issue of stereotyping. This scene was created in 1964 like a shot in 2005, we still have nuclear weapons. Yes, the United States and other countries still have nuclear weapons, however, a question does arise, do we still have insane individuals coordinating war plans and security procedures? If you are expecting to find the answer in this essay, do not continue reading for that reason, the answer will not be found in this essay. The reason being is the answer needs to be realized and determined by every individual, not scantily me. However, if questioned that in Dr. Strangelove was in that respect an individual who was insane and should he have not been placed in command of a military base, then I would have to answer yes in t hat respect was such an individual. This individual was General Jack Ripper.I think that it was not coincidental that Kubrick named this individual Jack Ripper, but purposely did so. The real Jack Ripper was a serial killer. Not only does the name fit with the character in Dr. Strangelove, but also the images and actions often associated with the serial killer. Silent and cruel attacks, nighttime, tail and irksome fog are a few images associated with the serial killer. In the movie General Ripper was in a dark office, he ordered Wing flame Plan R to bombard the Soviet Union with a nuclear bomb before they could respond, and right before killing himself he was in a cloudy/smoky room. The Wing Attack Plan R is my analysis of the silent and cruel killings. The cloudy/smoky room is the dense fog. And finally the darkness of General Rippers office fits with the darkness image. What was the purpose of General Ripper when looking at the movie as a whole?It is my analysis that Kurbrick w as not just showing America the stupidity of nuclear war, but was also showing that the United States government often makes mistakes. One mistake, not just in the movie but in life, is the allocating of power to an individual who is not fit, whether mentally or physically, to have this power. When these individuals are allocated this power their actions can have a worldly consequence.